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Modifying the environment to fit the needs of society is causing severe effects including global warming, environmental degradation (such as ocean acidification), mass extinction and biodiversity 14 cartoon villainPOWERPOINT GREEN FREE template SLIDE. 13 Character business POWERPOINT BLUE FREE template SLIDE. 12 Cartoon cute POWERPOINT FREE template SLIDE. 11 Relationship Information powerpoint free template slide. 10 visualization powerpoint free work | bit.ly/loveppt. . The United Kingdom is doing a lot to increase its use of renewable energy. It is moving away from fossil fuels and making more use of green energies, such as wind power, nuclear power and solar energy. New figures from the UK's electricity provider show that the UK had its greenest year ever in 2017 for electricity production. It even had its first coal-free day for over 150 years. The UK broke 13 clean energy records in 2017. In June, wind, nuclear and solar power produced more electricity than gas and coal combined. It was the first time this has ever happened. The UK's power system is now the fourth cleanest in Europe and the seventh cleanest in the United Kingdom has been trying to reduce the amount of coal it uses. Coal now supplies less than 7 per cent of the UK's electricity. A spokesman said it must now try to use less gas to make sure it meets its target for greenhouse gas emissions. The UK currently uses too much gas. The conservation charity World Wildlife Fund said it was pleased that the UK is moving towards greener energy. It said "We have never been cleaner or greener, and we are on [target] for an even better year in 2018." It added "Climate change is wreaking havoc on our nature and wildlife, but we are at last facing up to the challenge. We are turning our backs on polluting fossil fuels and embracing a new, clean future." Try the same news story at these easier levels Green Energy - Level 0, Green Energy - Level 1 or Green Energy - Level 2 Sources Make sure you try all of the online activities for this reading and listening - There are dictations, multiple choice, drag and drop activities, crosswords, hangman, flash cards, matching activities and a whole lot more. Please enjoy - 1. GREEN ENERGY Students walk around the class and talk to other students about green energy. Change partners often and share your findings. 2. CHAT In pairs / groups, talk about these topics or words from the article. What will the article say about them? What can you say about these words and your life? increase / renewable / energy / fossil fuels / solar energy / coal / electricity / power / reduce / greenhouse gas / conservation / target / havoc / nature / wildlife / challenge Have a chat about the topics you liked. Change topics and partners frequently. 3. FOSSIL FUELS Students A strongly believe we should stop using fossil fuels within five years; Students B strongly believe we should not do this. Change partners again and talk about your conversations. 4. RENEWABLES What do you know about these renewables? What are the good and bad things about them? Complete this table with your partners. Change partners often and share what you wrote. Renewable What I know Good things Bad things Solar Nuclear Wind Tide power Bio-fuels Hydro-electricity 5. GREEN Spend one minute writing down all of the different words you associate with the word "green". Share your words with your partners and talk about them. Together, put the words into different categories. 6. CONSERVATION Rank these with your partner. Put the best at the top. Change partners often and share your rankings. use stairs, not elevators buy solar panels recycle paper buy from charity shops take shorter showers wash clothes less often be a vegetarian cycle more Vocabulary Paragraph 1 1. renewable a. A black or dark brown rock found underground deposits and burnt for heating or power. 2. fossil fuels b. Something that creates and gives something to people. 3. provider c. A natural source of power that comes from under the ground or under the sea, such as coal and gas. 4. solar d. A set of connected things or parts forming a bigger whole. 5. coal e. A type of energy that is not gone forever when it is used. 6. combined f. About the sun. 7. system g. United or joined. Paragraph 2 8. reduce h. Gives or provides someone with something needed or wanted. 9. supplies i. Now; at the present time. 10. target j. Making the air, rivers, seas or other things dirtier because of dangerous things going into them. 11. emissions k. A goal, objective or result which people try to reach or get to. 12. currently l. Lots and lots of damage and destruction. 13. havoc m. The production and sending out of something, especially gas or radiation. 14. polluting n. Make smaller or less in amount, degree, or size. Before reading / listening 1. TRUE / FALSE Read the headline. Guess if a-h below are true T or false F. The article said the UK is having problems moving away from fossil fuels. T / F The UK is making less use of wind power. T / F In 2017, the UK had its first coal-free day for over 150 years. T / F The UK has the fourth cleanest energy system in the world. T / F Less than 7% of the UK's electricity comes from coal. T / F The article says the UK doesn't use enough gas. T / F A wildlife charity wasn't happy about the UK's efforts to be greener. T / F The charity said the UK was turning its back on greener energy. T / F 2. SYNONYM MATCH Match the following synonyms from the article. increase green energies figures combined happened reduce supplies pleased havoc embracing numbers joined destruction cut renewables welcoming occurred raise happy provides 3. PHRASE MATCH Sometimes more than one choice is possible. increase its use of It is moving away solar more electricity than gas and the seventh trying to reduce the amount make sure it meets greenhouse gas Climate change is wreaking facing up cleanest in the world coal combined havoc on our nature from fossil fuels its target renewable energy to the challenge of coal it uses emissions energy Gap fill Put these words into the spaces in the paragraph below. solar combined increase free seventh fossil broke greenest The United Kingdom is doing a lot to 1 ____________ its use of renewable energy. It is moving away from 2 ____________ fuels and making more use of green energies, such as wind power, nuclear power and 3 ____________ energy. New figures from the UK's electricity provider show that the UK had its 4 ____________ year ever in 2017 for electricity production. It even had its first coal-5 ____________ day for over 150 years. The UK 6 ____________ 13 clean energy records in 2017. In June, wind, nuclear and solar power produced more electricity than gas and coal 7 ____________. It was the first time this has ever happened. The UK's power system is now the fourth cleanest in Europe and the 8 ____________ cleanest in the world. Put these words into the spaces in the paragraph below. less pleased emissions future charity amount target nature The United Kingdom has been trying to reduce the 9 ____________ of coal it uses. Coal now supplies 10 ____________ than 7 per cent of the UK's electricity. A spokesman said it must now try to use less gas to make sure it meets its target for greenhouse gas 11 ____________. The UK currently uses too much gas. The conservation 12 ____________ World Wildlife Fund said it was 13 ____________ that the UK is moving towards greener energy. It said "We have never been cleaner or greener, and we are on 14 ____________ for an even better year in 2018." It added "Climate change is wreaking havoc on our 15 ____________ and wildlife, but we are at last facing up to the challenge. We are turning our backs on polluting fossil fuels and embracing a new, clean 16 ____________." Listening — Guess the answers. Listen to check. 1 The United Kingdom is doing a lot to increase its ______ energy a. used of renewable b. user off renewable c. use of renewable d. use off renewable 2 It is moving away from fossil fuels and making more use of ______ a. greenish energies b. greened energies c. greens energies d. green energies 3 figures from the UK's electricity provider show that the UK had its greenest year ______ a. never in 2017 b. even in 2017 c. ever in 2017 d. every in 2017 4 wind, nuclear and solar power produced more electricity than gas ______ a. end coal combine b. and coal combined c. and coals combined d. and coal combine 5 The UK's power system is now the ______ Europe a. fourth cleanest on b. fourth cleanest in c. fourth clean nest in d. fourth clean nest on 6 The United Kingdom has been trying to reduce ______ coal it uses a. the a mountain of b. the a mount of c. the all mount of d. the amount of 7 A spokesman said it must now try to use less gas to make sure it ______ a. meets its target b. meet its target c. meets it target d. meet it target 8 World Wildlife Fund said it was pleased that the UK is moving ______ energy a. two wards greener b. too wards greener c. towards greener d. tow wards greener 9 It added "Climate change is wreaking ______ nature" a. havoc on hour b. havoc on your c. havoc in our d. havoc on our 10 We are turning our backs on polluting fossil fuels and embracing ______ future a. a new, clean b. anew, cleaned c. a news, clean d. a new, cleaned Listening — Listen and fill in the gaps The United Kingdom is doing a lot 1 ___________________ use of renewable energy. It is moving away from fossil fuels and making more use of green energies, 2 ___________________ power, nuclear power and solar energy. New figures from the UK's electricity provider show that the UK had its greenest 3 ___________________ 2017 for electricity production. It even had its first coal-free day for over 150 years. The UK 4 ___________________ energy records in 2017. In June, wind, nuclear and solar power produced more electricity than 5 ___________________ combined. It was the first time this has ever happened. The UK's power 6 ___________________ the fourth cleanest in Europe and the seventh cleanest in the world. The United Kingdom has been trying to reduce 7 ___________________ coal it uses. Coal now supplies less than 7 per cent of the UK's electricity. A spokesman said it must now try 8 ___________________ gas to make sure it meets its target for greenhouse 9 ___________________. The UK currently uses too much gas. The conservation charity World Wildlife Fund said it 10 ___________________ the UK is moving towards greener energy. It said "We have never been cleaner or greener, and we 11 ___________________ for an even better year in 2018." It added "Climate change is wreaking havoc on our nature and wildlife, but we are at 12 ___________________ to the challenge. We are turning our backs on polluting fossil fuels and embracing a new, clean future." Multiple choice quiz 1 What is the UK doing a lot to increase its use of? a gas b fossil fuels c renewable energy d coal 2 In how long did the UK have its first coal-free day? a over 150 years b exactly 150 years c around 150 years d just under 150 years 3 How many clean energy records did the UK break in 2017? a 12 b 13 c 14 d 15 4 What did green energies produce more electricity than in June 2017? a biodiesel b petrol c oil d coal and gas 5 What position is the UK in the world's cleanest power systems? a second b fourth c seventh d tenth 6 How much of the UK electricity supply comes from coal? a more than 7% b less than 7% c exactly 7% d around 7% 7 What target does the UK want to meet? a a blue one b yearly target c a big target d greenhouse gas emissions 8 What charity was pleased with the UK's move towards green energy? a Conservation Fund b World Wildlife Fund c Greenpeace d Earth Justice 9 What year did the charity say would be better? a 2020 b 2018 c 2019 d 2050 10 What did the charity say the UK is turning its back on? a fossil fuels b Europe c renewables d a clean future Role play Role A – Buying From Charity Shops You think buying from charity shops is the best way to conserve energy. Tell the others three reasons why. Tell them what is wrong with their ways. Also, tell the others which is the least useful of these and why taking shorter showers, becoming a vegetarian or cycling more often. Role B – Taking Shorter Showers You think taking shorter showers is the best way to conserve energy. Tell the others three reasons why. Tell them what is wrong with their ways. Also, tell the others which is the least useful of these and why buying from charity shops, becoming a vegetarian or cycling more often. Role C – Becoming A Vegetarian You think becoming a vegetarian is the best way to conserve energy. Tell the others three reasons why. Tell them what is wrong with their ways. Also, tell the others which is the least useful of these and why taking shorter showers, buying from charity shops or cycling more often. Role D – Cycling More Often You think cycling more often is the best way to conserve energy. Tell the others three reasons why. Tell them what is wrong with their ways. Also, tell the others which is the least useful of these and why taking shorter showers, becoming a vegetarian or buying from charity shops. After reading / listening 1. WORD SEARCH Look in your dictionary / computer to find collocates, other meanings, information, synonyms … for the words... 'green' ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ and 'energy'. ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ • Share your findings with your partners. • Make questions using the words you found. • Ask your partner / group your questions. 2. ARTICLE QUESTIONS Look back at the article and write down some questions you would like to ask the class about the text. •Share your questions with other classmates / groups. •Ask your partner / group your questions. 3. GAP FILL In pairs / groups, compare your answers to this exercise. Check your answers. Talk about the words from the activity. Were they new, interesting, worth learning…? 4. VOCABULARY Circle any words you do not understand. In groups, pool unknown words and use dictionaries to find their meanings. 5. TEST EACH OTHER Look at the words below. With your partner, try to recall how they were used in the text supplies must currently pleased havoc future increase figures free combined ever world Student survey Write five GOOD questions about this topic in the table. Do this in pairs. Each student must write the questions on his / her own paper. When you have finished, interview other students. Write down their answers. Please look at page 12 of the PDF to see a photocopiable example of this activity. Discussion - 2017 was UK's greenest energy year ever STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS Do not show these to student B What did you think when you read the headline? What images are in your mind when you hear the word 'green'? What renewables does your country use? Why do we need to use more renewable energy? How green is your lifestyle? What do you know about solar power? What do you think about nuclear power? How important is electricity? How much do you worry about pollution? What things are adding to climate change? STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS Do not show these to student A Did you like reading this article? Why/not? What do you think of when you hear the word 'energy'? What do you think about what you read? What is wrong with fossil fuels? What do you know about wind power? What do you know about the World Wildlife Fund? What do you do to conserve energy and water? What is climate change doing to our nature and wildlife? When will we be using only renewable energy? What questions would you like to ask the WWF? Discussion — Write your own questions STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS Do not show these to student B a ________________ b ________________ c ________________ d ________________ e ________________ STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS Do not show these to student A f ________________ g ________________ h ________________ i ________________ j ________________ Language — Cloze Gap-fill WordCode1 WordCode2 Which of these words go in the above text? a doing b done c do d does a used b users c uses d used to a number b numeral c figures d statistic a freedom b freed c freeze d free a combined b combines c combining d combination a on b in c to d at a height b worth c series d amount a greets b meets c eats d seats a pleasure b pleases c pleased d please a in b on c at d of a mazy b wavy c brevity d havoc a embarrassing b embracing c embassy d embosses Put the text back together 2017. In June, wind, nuclear and solar power produced more electricity than gas and coal combined. It was the first time this has ever happened. The UK's power system gas emissions. The UK currently uses too much gas. The conservation charity World Wildlife Fund said it was of the UK's electricity. A spokesman said it must now try to use less gas to make sure it meets its target for greenhouse our backs on polluting fossil fuels and embracing a new, clean future." production. It even had its first coal-free day for over 150 years. The UK broke 13 clean energy records in pleased that the UK is moving towards greener energy. It said "We have never been cleaner or figures from the UK's electricity provider show that the UK had its greenest year ever in 2017 for electricity greener, and we are on [target] for an even better year in 2018." It added "Climate change is wreaking havoc on our nature and wildlife, but we are at last facing up to the challenge. We are turning is now the fourth cleanest in Europe and the seventh cleanest in the world. The United Kingdom has been trying to reduce the amount of coal it uses. Coal now supplies less than 7 per cent 1 The United Kingdom is doing a lot to increase its use of renewable energy. It is moving away from fossil fuels and making more use of green energies, such as wind power, nuclear power and solar energy. New Put the words in the right order moving from fuels is away fossil It . New from UK's provider figures the electricity . power more than Solar produced electricity gas . was has the ever first happened time It this . the power fourth system cleanest is The now UK's . Trying of to coal reduce it the uses amount . try now must It gas less use to . The is towards energy UK moving greener . Climate nature our on havoc wreaking is change . fossil on backs our turning are We fuels . Circle the correct word 20 pairs The United Kingdom is doing a lot to increase its used / use of renewable energy. It is moving away / about from fossil fuels and making more use of green energies, such was / as wind power, nuclear power and solar energy. New figures from the UK's electricity provider shows / show that the UK had its greenest year ever / even in 2017 for electricity production. It even had its first coal-free day for above / over 150 years. The UK broke 13 clean energy records in 2017. In June, wind, nuclear and solar power produce / produced more electricity than gas and coal combined / combed. It was the first time this has never / ever happened. The UK's power system is now the fourth cleanest in Europe and the seventh cleanest in a / the world. The United Kingdom has been tried / trying to reduce the amount of coal it uses. Coal now supplies / supply less than 7 per cent of the UK's electrical / electricity. A spokesman said it must now try to use fewer / less gas to make sure it meets its target for greenhouse gas emissions / remissions. The UK currently uses too much gas. The conversation / conservation charity World Wildlife Fund said it was pleased that the UK is moving forwards / towards greener energy. It said "We have never been cleaner or greener, and we are on [target] for an even better year in 2018." It added "Climate change is weakening / wreaking havoc on our nature and wildlife, but we are at last / lost facing up to the challenge. We are turning our backs on polluting fossil fuels and embracing a new, clean / cleanse future." Talk about the connection between each pair of words in italics, and why the correct word is correct. Insert the vowels a, e, i, o, u Th_ _n_t_d K_ngd_m _s d__ng _ l_t t_ _ncr__s_ _ts _s_ _f r_n_w_bl_ _n_rgy. _t _s m_v_ng _w_y fr_m f_ss_l f__ls _nd m_k_ng m_r_ _s_ _f gr__n _n_rg__s, s_ch _s w_nd p_w_r, n_cl__r p_w_r _nd s_l_r _n_rgy. N_w f_g_r_s fr_m th_ _K's _l_ctr_c_ty pr_v_d_r sh_w th_t th_ _K h_d _ts gr__n_st y__r _v_r _n 2017 f_r _l_ctr_c_ty pr_d_ct__n. _t _v_n h_d _ts f_rst c__l-fr__ d_y f_r _v_r 150 y__rs. Th_ _K br_k_ 13 cl__n _n_rgy r_c_rds _n 2017. _n J_n_, w_nd, n_cl__r _nd s_l_r p_w_r pr_d_c_d m_r_ _l_ctr_c_ty th_n g_s _nd c__l c_mb_n_d. _t w_s th_ f_rst t_m_ th_s h_s _v_r h_pp_n_d. Th_ _K's p_w_r syst_m _s n_w th_ f__rth cl__n_st _n __r_p_ _nd th_ s_v_nth cl__n_st _n th_ w_rld. Th_ _n_t_d K_ngd_m h_s b__n try_ng t_ r_d_c_ th_ _m__nt _f c__l _t _s_s. C__l n_w s_ppl__s l_ss th_n 7 p_r c_nt _f th_ _K's _l_ctr_c_ty. _ sp_k_sm_n s__d _t m_st n_w try t_ _s_ l_ss g_s t_ m_k_ s_r_ _t m__ts _ts t_rg_t f_r gr__nh__s_ g_s _m_ss__ns. Th_ _K c_rr_ntly _s_s t__ m_ch g_s. Th_ c_ns_rv_t__n ch_r_ty W_rld W_ldl_f_ F_nd s__d _t w_s pl__s_d th_t th_ _K _s m_v_ng t_w_rds gr__n_r _n_rgy. _t s__d "W_ h_v_ n_v_r b__n cl__n_r _r gr__n_r, _nd w_ _r_ _n [t_rg_t] f_r _n _v_n b_tt_r y__r _n 2018." _t _dd_d "Cl_m_t_ ch_ng_ _s wr__k_ng h_v_c _n __r n_t_r_ _nd w_ldl_f_, b_t w_ _r_ _t l_st f_c_ng _p t_ th_ ch_ll_ng_. W_ _r_ t_rn_ng __r b_cks _n p_ll_t_ng f_ss_l f__ls _nd _mbr_c_ng _ n_w, cl__n f_t_r_." Punctuate the text and add capitals the united kingdom is doing a lot to increase its use of renewable energy it is moving away from fossil fuels and making more use of green energies such as wind power nuclear power and solar energy new figures from the uk's electricity provider show that the uk had its greenest year ever in 2017 for electricity production it even had its first coal-free day for over 150 years the uk broke 13 clean energy records in 2017 in june wind nuclear and solar power produced more electricity than gas and coal combined it was the first time this has ever happened the uk's power system is now the fourth cleanest in europe and the seventh cleanest in the world the united kingdom has been trying to reduce the amount of coal it uses coal now supplies less than 7 per cent of the uk's electricity a spokesman said it must now try to use less gas to make sure it meets its target for greenhouse gas emissions the uk currently uses too much gas the conservation charity world wildlife fund said it was pleased that the uk is moving towards greener energy it said "we have never been cleaner or greener and we are on [target] for an even better year in 2018" it added "climate change is wreaking havoc on our nature and wildlife but we are at last facing up to the challenge we are turning our backs on polluting fossil fuels and embracing a new clean future" Put a slash / where the spaces are TheUnitedKingdomisdoingalottoincreaseitsuseofrenewableenergy. Itismovingawayfromfossilfuelsandmakingmoreuseofgreenenergies ,suchaswindpower, eUK'selectricityprovidershowthattheUKhaditsgreenestyeareverin2 nuclearandsolarpowerproducedmoreelectricitythangasandcoalcom misnowthefourthcleanestinEuropeandtheseventhcleanestintheworl .Coalnowsupplieslessthan7percentoftheUK' nsaiditmustnowtrytouselessgastomakesureitmeetsitstargetforgree ationcharityWorldWildlifeFundsaiditwaspleasedthattheUKismovingt andweareon[target]foranevenbetteryearin2018."Itadded"Climate changeiswreakinghavoconournatureandwildlife,butweareatlastfaci dembracinganew,cleanfuture." Free writing Write about green energy for 10 minutes. Comment on your partner’s paper. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Academic writing Fossil fuels are very bad for Earth. Discuss. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Homework 1. VOCABULARY EXTENSION Choose several of the words from the text. Use a dictionary or Google’s search field or another search engine to build up more associations / collocations of each word. 2. INTERNET Search the Internet and find out more about this news story. Share what you discover with your partners in the next lesson. 3. GREEN ENERGY Make a poster about green energy. Show your work to your classmates in the next lesson. Did you all have similar things? 4. FOSSIL FUELS Write a magazine article about ending the use of all fossil fuels in the next five years. Include imaginary interviews with people who are for and against it. Read what you wrote to your classmates in the next lesson. Write down any new words and expressions you hear from your partners. 5. WHAT HAPPENED NEXT? Write a newspaper article about the next stage in this news story. Read what you wrote to your classmates in the next lesson. Give each other feedback on your articles. 6. LETTER Write a letter to an expert on green energy. Ask him/her three questions about it. Give him/her three of your ideas on how to save more energy. Read your letter to your partners in your next lesson. Your partners will answer your questions. A Few Additional Activities for Students Ask your students what they have read, seen or heard about this news in their own language. Students are likely to / may have have encountered this news in their L1 and therefore bring a background knowledge to the classroom. Get students to role play different characters from this news story. Ask students to keep track of this news and revisit it to discuss in your next class. Ask students to male predictions of how this news might develop in the next few days or weeks, and then revisit and discuss in a future class. Ask students to write a follow-up story to this news. Students role play a journalist and someone who witnessed or was a part of this news. Perhaps they could make a video of the interview. Ask students to keep a news journal in English and add this story to their thoughts. Also... Answers Please look at page 26 of the PDF to see a photocopiable example of this activity. Help Support This Web Site Please consider helping Breaking News 1. Unit 3 Lớp 12 Writing Task 1 Read the incomplete essay about the advantages and disadvantages of green energy. Use the ideas in the following boxes to complete the second and third paragraphs. Đọc bài luận không đầy đủ về những lợi thế và bất lợi của năng lượng xanh. Sử dụng ý tưởng ở các ô phía dưới để hoàn thành đoạn văn thứ hai và thứ ba. As the world population is growing bigger and bigger, our energy demands are also growing. Governments and organisations have been trying to find new sources of energy to replace the fossil fuels which are running out. One of the solutions is to use green energy including solar, hydro, wind, geothermal, ocean and biomass. However, there are both advantages and disadvantages to this. One major advantage is that they are renewable ________________________ While it is easy to see the environmental advantages of using green energy. we must also recognise some of the disadvantages. First________________________________________________ In conclusion, there are both advantages and disadvantages to the use of green energy. Hopefully, many of the disadvantages of these renewable sources of energy will be successfully removed through technological development and research, and they will be exploited fully to replace the fossil fuels. Guide to answer One major advantage is that they are renewable - they can be replaced naturally and cannot be seriously depleted. This green energy also reduces the cost of operation. As a type of clean energy, they emit little or no harmful chemical pollutants into the air, so they have a minimal impact on the environment. While it is easy to see the environmental advantages of using green energy, we must also recognise some of the disadvantages. First, it is difficult to generate the quantities of electricity to satisfy our needs. Although the cost of operation is low, the initial cost of building and installing these new technologies are very high. Another disadvantage of using green energy is the unrealiability of sources. Bài dịch Writing Task 1 Khi dân số thế giới ngày càng tăng lớn, nhu cầu về năng lượng cũng tăng lên. Chính phủ và các tổ chức đã cố gắng tìm ra các nguồn năng lượng mới để thay thế các nhiên liệu sắp cạn kiệt. Một trong những giải pháp là sử dụng năng lượng xanh bao gồm mặt trời, thủy điện, gió, địa nhiệt, đại dương và sinh thiết. Tuy nhiên, có cả thuận lợi và bất lợi cho điều này. Một thuận lợi lớn là chúng có thể tái tạo -chúng có thể được thay thế tự nhiên và không thể cạn kiệt nghiêm trọng. Năng lượng xanh này cũng làm giảm chi phí hoạt động. Là một loại năng lượng sạch, chúng thải ra ít hoặc không có chất gây ô nhiễm hóa học độc hại vào không khí, vì vậy chúng có ảnh hưởng ít nhất đến môi trường. Mặc dù rất dễ nhìn thấy những ưu điểm của việc sử dụng năng lượng xanh với môi trường, nhưng chúng ta phải thừa nhận cũng có một số bất lợi. Đầu tiên, nó khó để tạo ra lượng điện để đáp ứng nhu cầu của chúng ta. Mặc dù chi phí hoạt động thấp, chi phí ban đầu để xây dựng và lắp đặt công nghệ mới này rất cao. Một bất lợi khác của việc sử dụng năng lượng xanh là không thể truyền tải tối ưu năng lượng. Tóm lại, có cả thuận lợi và bất lợi khi sử dụng năng lượng xanh. Hy vọng rằng những bất lợi của các nguồn năng lượng tái tạo sẽ được loại bỏ thành công qua phát triển công nghệ và nghiên cứu, và chúng sẽ được khai thác hoàn toàn để thay thế cho nhiên liệu hóa thạch. 2. Unit 3 Lớp 12 Writing Task 2 Use the ideas in the following boxes to write an essay of 180-250 words about the advantages and disadvantages of consuming organic food, using the outline of the essay in 1. Sử dụng ý tưởng trong khung sau đây để viết một bài luận của 180-250 từ về những ưu điểm và nhược điểm của tiêu thụ thực phẩm hữu cơ, sử dụng những nét chính của bài luận trong 1. Guide to answer Nowadays, food safety issues are regarded as one of the most important problems people, especially those in developing countries, have to face. As a result, consumers tend to pay more and more attention to the organic food. Some think it should be widely promoted while others assume it has certain limitation when in use based on its advantages and disadvantages. First of all, organic food is very clean and safe for people's health because there are fewer chemicals or pesticide sprayed on it. Consequently, consumers will have more chances to use nutritional foods without any doubt. In addition, farmers use eco-friendly methods to cultivate so they spend fewer expenses on farming and are able to make big profits from selling their products. In contrast, organic food has its own limitations, particularly for people with certain financial and geographical conditions. Producing organic products takes a lot of time and efforts and depends on many farming conditions such as suitable lands, weather, and farming methods. Accordingly, the price of organic food is quite expensive and buyers have fewer choices in favourite foods. 1. Unit 3 Lớp 12 Reading Task 1 Look at the pictures. Match the pictures with the appropriate word or phrases. Nhìn vào những bức tranh. nối những hình ảnh với các từ hoặc cụm từ thích hợp. Guide to answer 1. diesel vehicle xe động cơ diesel 2. melting of the Arctic tan chảy băng ở Bắc Cực 3. soot bồ hóng, bụi than 2. Unit 3 Lớp 12 Reading Task 2 Read the following article about soot pollution. Choose the appropriate heading a-d for each paragraph. Đọc bài viết sau về ô nhiễm bụi than. Chọn tiêu đề thích hợp a-d cho mỗi đoạn. a. Soot and global warming b. The effect of soot on human health c. The origin of soot d. Ways to reduce soot emissions Nowadays we know a lot about the link between carbon dioxide C02 emissions and global warming. However, we seem to be unaware of one very dangerous pollutant, soot also called black carbon. Soot comes from the incomplete combustion or coal, oil, wood and other fuels. In other words diesel engines, vehicle exhaust pipes, farming machines, construction equipment, or simply fires in grills, fireplaces, and stoves are potential sources of soot. It appears in our daily life and can easily affect every one of us. Soot like all black things absorbs sunlight and heats up the atmosphere. According to recent research, it is the second most damaging greenhouse gas after C02, and twice as harmful to the climate. Although black carbon remains in the atmosphere for no more than seven days it is particularly damaging to frozen areas. Soot emissions might be responsible for the quick melting of the Arctic. Controlling black carbon can help to slow down global warming. Soot does not only have an impact on globs warming and climate change, but is also unhealthy. A soot particle is very tiny - smaller than dust and mould, and about 1/30 the width of a human hair. It can easily go into our bloodstream and lungs via the nose and throat. As a result, breathing in the tiny particles car cause asthma attacks, heart disease, bronchitis and many other respiratory illnesses. Large quantities of man-made soot enter the atmosphere every year. The effects are most damaging regionally, especially in South and East Asia, Latin America and parts of Africa. In developing countries, reducing soot emissions can be achieved by replacing traditional stoves with clean, alternative fuel cookers and heaters. Installation of filters to remove black carbon from diesel vehicles can also reduce soot. Changing to electric or hydrogen vehicles will also reduce the impact on the environment. In conclusion, reducing black carbon will have immediate benefits in slowing down global warming and the melting of the Arctic snow and ice. It would also prevent many soot-related deaths and illnesses. Guide to answer - Đoạn 1 "... are potential sources of soot" là nguồn tiềm năng của bụi than => nguồn gốc của bụi than - Đoạn 2 những cụm từ như "damaging greenhouse", "quick melting of the Arctic", "global warming."... => liên quan đến global warming. - Đoạn 3 những cụm từ "unhealthy", "...bloodstream and lungs", "asthma attacks, heart disease, bronchitis and many other respiratory illnesses." => những bệnh gây ra bởi bụi than tới sức khỏe con người. - Đoạn 4 by ... replacing traditional stoves with clean, alternative fuel cookers and heaters. " => cách giảm bụi than 3. Unit 3 Lớp 12 Reading Task 3 Work in pairs. Complete each of the following sentences with no more than five words. Làm việc theo cặp. Hoàn thành mỗi câu sau đây với không nhiều hơn năm từ. Guide to answer 1. We know about carbon dioxide and its impact on global warming, but we know little about soot./don't know much about soot. Chúng tôi biết về carbon dioxide và tác động của nó đối với việc nóng lên toàn cầu, nhưng chúng ta biết rất ít về bụi than / không biết nhiều về bồ hóng. 2. Soot comes from the burning of coal, oil, wood, and other fuels. Bồ hóng đến từ việc đốt than, dầu, gỗ, và các nhiên liệu khác. 3. Black carbon is the second most damaging greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Cacbon đen là khí nhà kính gây tổn hại thứ hai sau khi carbon dioxide. 4. Soot particles can be easily breathed in because they are smaller than dust and mould/very tiny. Bồ hóng có thể dễ dàng hít vào người bởi vì chúng nhỏ hơn bụi và nấm mốc / rất nhỏ. 5. People can reduce black carbon emissions at home by using clean, alternative fuel stoves for cooking and heating. Mọi người có thể làm giảm lượng khí thải carbon đen ở nhà bằng cách sử dụng bếp nhiên liệu sạch thay thế để nấu ăn và sưởi ấm. 4. Unit 3 Lớp 12 Reading Task 4 Discuss with a partner. Are soot emissions a problem in your community or in Viet Nam in general? Thảo luận với một người bạn. Chất thải bụi than là một vấn đề trong cộng đồng của bạn hay ở Việt Nam nói chung? Guide to answer - the effect of soot on the environment and human health - Soot does not only have an impact on globs warming and climate change, but is alsc unhealthy. - It can easily go into our bloodstream and lungs via the nose and throat. As a result, breathing in the tiny particles car cause asthma attacks, heart disease, bronchitis and many other respiratory illnesses. 1. Unit 3 Lớp 12 Reading Task 1 Look at the pictures. Match the pictures with the appropriate word or phrases. Nhìn vào những bức tranh. nối những hình ảnh với các từ hoặc cụm từ thích hợp. Guide to answer 1. diesel vehicle xe động cơ diesel 2. melting of the Arctic tan chảy băng ở Bắc Cực 3. soot bồ hóng, bụi than 2. Unit 3 Lớp 12 Reading Task 2 Read the following article about soot pollution. Choose the appropriate heading a-d for each paragraph. Đọc bài viết sau về ô nhiễm bụi than. Chọn tiêu đề thích hợp a-d cho mỗi đoạn. a. Soot and global warming b. The effect of soot on human health c. The origin of soot d. Ways to reduce soot emissions Nowadays we know a lot about the link between carbon dioxide C02 emissions and global warming. However, we seem to be unaware of one very dangerous pollutant, soot also called black carbon. Soot comes from the incomplete combustion or coal, oil, wood and other fuels. In other words diesel engines, vehicle exhaust pipes, farming machines, construction equipment, or simply fires in grills, fireplaces, and stoves are potential sources of soot. It appears in our daily life and can easily affect every one of us. Soot like all black things absorbs sunlight and heats up the atmosphere. According to recent research, it is the second most damaging greenhouse gas after C02, and twice as harmful to the climate. Although black carbon remains in the atmosphere for no more than seven days it is particularly damaging to frozen areas. Soot emissions might be responsible for the quick melting of the Arctic. Controlling black carbon can help to slow down global warming. Soot does not only have an impact on globs warming and climate change, but is also unhealthy. A soot particle is very tiny - smaller than dust and mould, and about 1/30 the width of a human hair. It can easily go into our bloodstream and lungs via the nose and throat. As a result, breathing in the tiny particles car cause asthma attacks, heart disease, bronchitis and many other respiratory illnesses. Large quantities of man-made soot enter the atmosphere every year. The effects are most damaging regionally, especially in South and East Asia, Latin America and parts of Africa. In developing countries, reducing soot emissions can be achieved by replacing traditional stoves with clean, alternative fuel cookers and heaters. Installation of filters to remove black carbon from diesel vehicles can also reduce soot. Changing to electric or hydrogen vehicles will also reduce the impact on the environment. In conclusion, reducing black carbon will have immediate benefits in slowing down global warming and the melting of the Arctic snow and ice. It would also prevent many soot-related deaths and illnesses. Guide to answer - Đoạn 1 "... are potential sources of soot" là nguồn tiềm năng của bụi than => nguồn gốc của bụi than - Đoạn 2 những cụm từ như "damaging greenhouse", "quick melting of the Arctic", "global warming."... => liên quan đến global warming. - Đoạn 3 những cụm từ "unhealthy", "...bloodstream and lungs", "asthma attacks, heart disease, bronchitis and many other respiratory illnesses." => những bệnh gây ra bởi bụi than tới sức khỏe con người. - Đoạn 4 by ... replacing traditional stoves with clean, alternative fuel cookers and heaters. " => cách giảm bụi than 3. Unit 3 Lớp 12 Reading Task 3 Work in pairs. Complete each of the following sentences with no more than five words. Làm việc theo cặp. Hoàn thành mỗi câu sau đây với không nhiều hơn năm từ. Guide to answer 1. We know about carbon dioxide and its impact on global warming, but we know little about soot./don't know much about soot. Chúng tôi biết về carbon dioxide và tác động của nó đối với việc nóng lên toàn cầu, nhưng chúng ta biết rất ít về bụi than / không biết nhiều về bồ hóng. 2. Soot comes from the burning of coal, oil, wood, and other fuels. Bồ hóng đến từ việc đốt than, dầu, gỗ, và các nhiên liệu khác. 3. Black carbon is the second most damaging greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Cacbon đen là khí nhà kính gây tổn hại thứ hai sau khi carbon dioxide. 4. Soot particles can be easily breathed in because they are smaller than dust and mould/very tiny. Bồ hóng có thể dễ dàng hít vào người bởi vì chúng nhỏ hơn bụi và nấm mốc / rất nhỏ. 5. People can reduce black carbon emissions at home by using clean, alternative fuel stoves for cooking and heating. Mọi người có thể làm giảm lượng khí thải carbon đen ở nhà bằng cách sử dụng bếp nhiên liệu sạch thay thế để nấu ăn và sưởi ấm. 4. Unit 3 Lớp 12 Reading Task 4 Discuss with a partner. Are soot emissions a problem in your community or in Viet Nam in general? Thảo luận với một người bạn. Chất thải bụi than là một vấn đề trong cộng đồng của bạn hay ở Việt Nam nói chung? Guide to answer - the effect of soot on the environment and human health - Soot does not only have an impact on globs warming and climate change, but is alsc unhealthy. - It can easily go into our bloodstream and lungs via the nose and throat. As a result, breathing in the tiny particles car cause asthma attacks, heart disease, bronchitis and many other respiratory illnesses. Soạn Skills unit 3 lớp 12 The green movement đầy đủ nhấtGiải tiếng Anh 12 Unit 3 Skills The green movementNằm trong bộ tài liệu Soạn tiếng Anh lớp 12 theo từng Unit, tài liệu Hướng dẫn giải Unit 3 The green movement SGK tiếng Anh 12 tập 1 Skills dưới đây do tổng hợp và đăng tải. Tài liệu Lời giải hay Skills Unit 3 lớp 12 The green movement gợi ý đáp án bài tập trang 34 - 37 giúp các em chuẩn bị bài tại nhà hiệu - Kỹ năng đọcBlack carbon pollution Ô nhiễm carbon đen1. Look at the pictures. Match the pictures with the appropriate word or phrases. Nhìn vào những bức tranh. nối những hình ảnh với các từ hoặc cụm từ thích án1. diesel vehicle2. melting of the Arctic3. soot2. Read the following article about soot pollution. Choose the appropriate heading a-d for each paragraph. Đọc bài viết sau về ô nhiễm bụi than. Chọn tiêu đề thích hợp a-d cho mỗi án1 - c2 - a3 - b4 - d3. Work in pairs. Complete each of the following sentences with no more than five words. Làm việc theo cặp. Hoàn thành mỗi câu sau đây với không nhiều hơn năm án1 - know little about soot2 - oil, wood, and other fuels3 - second most damaging greenhouse gas4 - smaller than dust and mould5 - clean, alternative fuel stoves4. Discuss with a partner. Are soot emissions a problem in your community or in Viet Nam in general? Thảo luận với một người bạn. Chất thải bụi than là một vấn đề trong cộng đồng của bạn hay ở Việt Nam nói chung?Hướng dẫn dịch đoạn văn Ngày nay chúng ta biết nhiều về sự liên quan giữa khí thải Co2 và sự nóng lên toàn cầu. Tuy nhiên, chúng ta dường như không ý thức được một chất gây ô nhiễm rất nguy hiểm, bụi than, còn được gọi là carbon than xuất phát từ quá trình cháy không hoàn toàn của than, dầu, gỗ và các nhiên liệu khác. Trong những nguồn khác như, động cơ diesel, ống xả xe, máy móc nông nghiệp, thiết bị xây dựng, hoặc lửa trong lò nướng, lò sưởi và bếp lò là những nguồn tiềm năng của buijt han. Nó xuất hiện trong cuộc sống hằng ngày của chúng ta và có thể dễ dàng ảnh hưởng đến tất cả chúng than giống như những thứ đen hấp thụ ánh sáng mặt trời và làm bầu khí quyển nóng lên. Theo nghiên cứu gần đây, đây là loại khí gây hại cho nhà kính thứ hai sau CO2, và gây hại gấp đôi cho khí quyển. Mặc dù carbon đen tồn tại trong không khí không quá 7 ngày, nhưng nó đặc biệt gây ảnh hưởng tới các vùng đóng băng. Khí thải bồ hóng có thể là nguyên nhân gây ra tan băng ở Bắc Cực. Kiểm soát carbon đen có thể giúp làm chậm sự nóng lên toàn than không chỉ có tác động đến sự nóng lên toàn cầu và thay đổi khí hậu, mà còn có hại cho sức khỏe. Một hạt bụi than rất nhỏ nhỏ hơn bụi và nấm mốc, và chỉ bằng 1/30 chiều rộng của một sợi tóc người. Nó có thể dễ dàng đi vào máu và phổi của chúng ta thông qua mũi và họng. Kết quả là , khi hít phải những hạt nhỏ có thể gây ra bệnh hen suyễn, bệnh tim, viêm phế quản và nhiều bệnh về đường hô hấp năm, một số lượng lớn bụi than do con người tạo ra vào bầu khí quyển. Những ảnh hưởng này gây tổn hại lớn nhất đến một số khu vực, đặc biệt là Đông Nam Á, Mỹ Latin và một phần của Châu Phi. Ở các nước đang phát triển, viêc giảm lượng bụi than có thể thực hiện được bằng cách thay thế các bếp lò truyền thống bằng bếp nấu vè lò sưởi sạch. Lắp đặt các bộ lọc để loại bỏ carbon đen từ động cơ diesel cũng có thể làm giảm lượng bụi than. Thay đổi sang xe điện hoặc phương tiện hydro sẽ có thể làm giảm tác động đến môi lại, giảm carbon đen sẽ có những lợi ích ngay lập tức trong việc làm giảm sự nóng lên toàn cầu và sự tan chảy của tuyết và băng ở Bắc Cực. Nó cũng sẽ ngăn ngừa nhiều cái chết và bệnh tật liên quan đến bụi - Kỹ năng nóiHow green are you? bạn sống xanh như thế nào?1. Put the following lifestyle choices in the appropriate box. Đặt các lối sống sau đây vào ô thích án* Green activities 2 ; 3 ; 5 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9* Environmentally unfriendly activities 1; 4 ; 6 ; 10Hướng dẫn dịch1 - Đặt mặc định máy in của bạn để in một - Đi bộ bất cứ khi nào và ở đâu có - Tắt thiết bị điện của bạn khi bạn không sử dụng - Yêu cầu bố mẹ mua cho bạn một chiếc xe máy để thuận tiện du - Tắm vòi hoa sen thay vì tắm - Yêu cầu bố mẹ mua cho bạn một điện thoại di động mới ngay lập tức sau khi phiên bản mới nhất ra - Tắt máy tính của bạn hoặc đặt nó vào chế độ ngủ khi bạn không sử dụng - Bắt đầu trồng một vườn rau hữu - Làm sạch bề mặt với các sản phẩm tự nhiên như nước chanh và dầu ô - Tham gia vào các hoạt động phá rừng và săn Work in pairs. Complete the conversation using the lifestyle choices in 1 and the reasons in the box. Làm việc theo cặp. Hoàn thành cuộc trò chuyện bằng cách sử dụng lựa chọn lối sống trong phần 1 và những lý do trong ánKevin Mai, what do you think are green activities at home?Mai I'm no expert, but I think that we should take short showers instead of long Can you tell me more about it?Mai Well, the main reason for this is to save electricity water and other non-renewable energy I totally agree with you and I think we shouldn't ask our parents to buy us motorcycles for convenient travelling since it is environmentally unfriendly. Just let me explain. Avoiding using these vehicles wil help reduce traffic congestion and air pollution, which causes global warming and health Yes, I totally agree with you. I think everybody should be better aware of green lifestyles that help protect the Work in groups of four. Think of a green activity and discuss how it will benefit the environment. Compare your activity with other groups. Làm việc trong nhóm bốn người. Hãy nghĩ về một hoạt động xanh và thảo luận nó sẽ có lợi thế nào cho môi trường. So sánh hoạt động của bạn với các nhóm - Kỹ năng ngheGo Green Week tuần lễ sống xanh1. Work in pairs. Discuss and prepare an action plan for the Go Green Week in your school. In your plan, describe the activities for each day and the reasons for doing them. Làm việc theo cặp. Thảo luận và chuẩn bị một kế hoạch hành động cho Tuần Lễ Xanh trong trường của bạn. Trong kế hoạch của bạn, mô tả các hoạt động cho mỗi ngày và lý do thực hiện Listen to a talk show and answer the following questions. Nghe một cuộc trò chuyện và trả lời câu hỏi phía để ngheĐáp án1 - A secondary school's Go Green movement in Cam - To help their school to go green and save the - Students spare ten minutes during the break time every weekday at school for green - He hopes the project will encourage more people to change their lifestyles and go Listen again and decide if the statements are true T, false F, or not given NG. Tick correct box. Nghe một lần nữa và quyết định xem các nhận định là đúng T, sai F, hoặc không xác định NG. Đánh dấu vào ô thích để ngheĐáp án1 - NG2 - F3 - F4 - T5 - T4. Listen again and complete the table. Use no more than five words for each blank. Nghe một lần nữa và hoàn thành bảng. Sử dụng không hơn năm chữ cho mỗi khoảng để ngheĐáp án1 - recycling old and broken electronics2 - growing organic vegetables3 - learning about going green4 - checking for mould growth5 - testing and widening environmental knowledgeNội dung bài ngheHost Welcome to our talk show "Green Living". Today, we will hear from two secondary students, David and Mai, who will talk about the Go Green initiative at their school in Cam Ranh. David, can you tell us how you came up with the idea?David Well, in our science and environmental studies classes, we realised that the way we live can strongly affect our environment. Since we are all passionate about environmental issues, we decided that we should do something to help our school to go green and save our So what have you done so far, Mai?Mai Two months ago, we launched our "ten-minute a day" mini-project. It involves sparing ten minutes in our break time for specific green activities. We wanted to start with something small and involve as many students as Great! What exactly are these activities?David On Mondays, during the "green ten minutes" students bring old and broken electronics like second-hand mobile phones and MP3 players for recycling. At the end of the month, we intend to take the items to one of the electronic recycling centres in the city. We have also started an organic vegetable garden, so on Tuesdays, students can spend ten minutes working there, planting seeds, watering them and making sure they grow into healthy plants. We hope we can pick and eat our own vegetables. This will teach students that organically grown vegetables are tastier and healthier since no chemicals or pesticides go into their bodies. There will be no soil pollution caused by chemical On Wednesdays, we invite local environmental groups to have booths at school so students can go and talk to them during the "Green ten minute", and ask any questions. Then on Thursdays, we check for any mould growth on the classroom furniture, especially during hot and humid How about Fridays?David We thought the last day of the week would be a good time for a quiz to test our environmental knowledge and increase our green awareness. So each time a class prepares five quiz questions for other students t answer during the "green ten minutes". And we give out prizes for the best Sounds fun! Thank you, Mai and David, for sharing your environmental ideas with our listeners. We hope that your mini-project will inspire more people to change their lifestyle and go Work in pairs. Discuss what you can do to change your lifestyles and go green. Làm việc theo cặp. Thảo luận về những gì bạn có thể làm để thay đổi lối sống của bạn và sống ý- reduce waste- conserve energy- conserve water- eat local, organic foodsWriting - Kỹ năng viếtAdvantages and disadvantages of going green Ưu điểm và nhược điểm của chiến dịch xanh1. Read the incomplete essay about the advantages and disadvantages of green energy. Use the ideas in the following boxes to complete the second and third paragraphs. Đọc bài luận không đầy đủ về những lợi thế và bất lợi của năng lượng xanh. Sử dụng ý tưởng ở các ô phía dưới để hoàn thành đoạn văn thứ hai và thứ ýAs the world population is growing bigger and bigger, our energy demands are also growing. Governments and organisations have been trying to find new sources of energy to replace the fossil fuels which are running out. One of the solutions is to use green energy including solar, hydro, wind, geothermal, ocean and biomass. However, there are both advantages and disadvantages to major advantage is that they are renewable – they can be replaced naturally and cannot be seriously depleted. This green energy also reduces the cost of operation. As a type of clean energy, they emit little or no harmful chemical pollutants into the air, so they have a minimal impact on the it is easy to see the environmental advantages of using green energy, we must also recognise some of the disadvantages. First, it is difficult to generate the quantities of electricity to satisfy our needs. Although the cost of operation is low, the initial cost of building and installing these new technologies are very high. Another disadvantage of using green energy is the unreliability of conclusion, there are both advantages and disadvantages to the use of green energy. Hopefully, many of the disadvantages of these renewable sources of energy will be successfully removed through technological development and research, and they will be exploited fully to replace fossil Use the ideas in the following boxes to write an essay of 180-250 words about the advantages and disadvantages of consuming organic food, using the outline of the essay in 1. Sử dụng ý tưởng trong khung sau đây để viết một bài luận của 180-250 từ về những ưu điểm và nhược điểm của tiêu thụ thực phẩm hữu cơ, sử dụng những nét chính của bài luận trong thêm tại Write an essay about the advantages and disadvantages of consuming organic foodTrên đây là Soạn Unit 3 tiếng Anh lớp 12 The green movement Skills. Ngoài ra, đã đăng tải rất nhiều tài liệu tiếng Anh 12 unit 3 The green movement khác nhau nhưTừ vựng Unit 3 lớp 12 The Green MovementBài tập unit 3 lớp 12 The green movement JÌB Ĝị A AT ^ZËE ‑ ĜÍ\ ÍE Zdmn t`d ofkkfwbeh pmssmhd men cmri t`d kdttdr M, J, A, fr N fe yfur meswdr s`ddt tf benbamtd t`d afrrdat meswdr ofr dma` fo t`d qudstbfes orfc = tf =7 ^`d cmbe pfbet fo pmrmhrmp` 1 bs tf ndsarbjd VVVVV.

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